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<text>
<title>
Spain: Government
</title>
<article><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Spain
Government</hdr><body>
<list>
<l>Names:</l>
<l> conventional long form: Kingdom of Spain</l>
<l> conventional short form: Spain</l>
<l> local short form: Espana</l>
</list>
<p>Digraph: SP
</p>
<p>Type: parliamentary monarchy
</p>
<p>Capital: Madrid
</p>
<p>Administrative divisions: 17 autonomous communities
(comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma);
Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla-La
Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna, Communidad Valencia,
Extremadura, Galicia, Islas Baleares, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia,
Navarra, Pais Vasco
</p>
<p>note: there are five places of sovereignty on and off the
coast of Morocco (Ceuta, Mellila, Islas Chafarinas, Penon de
Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera) with administrative
status unknown
</p>
<p>Independence: 1492 (expulsion of the Moors and unification)
</p>
<p>Constitution: 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978
</p>
<p>Legal system: civil law system, with regional applications;
does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
</p>
<p>National holiday: National Day, 12 October
</p>
<p>Political parties and leaders:
</p>
<p> principal national parties, from right to left: Popular
Party (PP), Jose Maria AZNAR; Social Democratic Center (CDS),
Rafael Calvo ORTEGA; Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE),
Felipe GONZALEZ Marquez, secretary general; Socialist Democracy
Party (DS), Ricardo Garcia DAMBORENEA; Spanish Communist Party
(PCE), Julio ANGUITA; United Left (IU) a coalition of parties
including the PCE, a branch of the PSOE, and other small
parties, leader NA
</p>
<p> chief regional parties: Convergence and Unity (CiU), Jordi
PUJOL Saley, in Catalonia; Basque Nationalist Party (PNV),
Xabier ARZALLUS; Basque Solidarity (EA), Carlos GARAICOETXEA
Urizza; Basque Popular Unity (HB), Jon IDIGORAS; Basque Left
(EE), Juan Maria BANDRES; Basque Socialist Party (PSE); coalition
of the PSE, EE, and PSOE, Jose Maria BANEGAS; Euskal Ezkerra
(EUE), Xabier GURRUTXAGA; Andalusian Party (PA), Pedro PACHECO;
Independent Canary Group (AIC), leader NA; Aragon Regional Party
(PAR), leader NA; Valencian Union (UV), leader NA
</p>
<p>Other political or pressure groups: on the extreme left, the
Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) and the First of October
Antifascist Resistance Group (GRAPO) use terrorism to oppose the
government; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977) include
the Communist-dominated Workers Commissions (CCOO); the
Socialist General Union of Workers (UGT), and the smaller
independent Workers Syndical Union (USO); the Catholic Church;
business and landowning interests; Opus Dei; university students
</p>
<p>Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
</p>
<p>Elections:
</p>
<p> Senate: last held 29 October 1989 (next to be held NA
October 1993); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats -
(208 total) PSOE 106, PP 79, CiU 10, PNV 4, HB 3, AIC 1, other 5
</p>
<p> Congress of Deputies: last held 29 October 1989 (next to be
held NA October 1993); results - PSOE 39.6%, PP 25.8%, CDS 9%,
IU 9%, CiU 5%, PNV 1.2%, HB 1%, PA 1%, other 8.4%; seats - (350
total) PSOE 175, PP 106, CiU 18, IU 17, CDS 14, PNV 5, HB 4,
other 11
</p>
<p>Executive branch: monarch, president of the government (prime
minister), deputy prime minister, Council of Ministers
(cabinet), Council of State
</p>
<p>Legislative branch: bicameral The General Courts or National
Assembly (Las Cortes Generales) consists of an upper house or
Senate (Senado) and a lower house or Congress of Deputies
(Congreso de los Diputados)
</p>
<p>Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo)
</p>
<p>Leaders:
</p>
<p> Chief of State: King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975)
</p>
<p> Head of Government: Prime Minister Felipe GONZALEZ Marquez
(since 2 December 1982); Deputy Prime Minister Narcis SERRA y
Serra (since 13 March 1991)
</p>
<p>Member of: AG (observer), AsDB, Australian Group, BIS, CCC,
CE, CERN, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, AfDB, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA,
FAO, G-8, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA,
IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM
(observer), ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), LORCS, MTRC, NACC, NAM
(guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUSAL, PCA, UN,
UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
</p>
<list>
<l>Diplomatic representation in US:</l>
<l> chief of mission: Ambassador Jaime De OJEDA y Eiseley</l>
<l> chancery: 2700 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009</l>
<l> telephone: (202) 265-0190 or 0191</l>
<l> consulates general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles,
Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan
(Puerto Rico)</l>
</list>
<list>
<l>US diplomatic representation:</l>
<l> chief of mission: Ambassador Richard G. CAPEN, Jr.</l>
<l> embassy: Serrano 75, 28006 Madrid</l>
<l> mailing address: PSC 61, APO AE 09642</l>
<l> telephone: [34] (1) 577-4000</l>
<l> FAX: [34] (1) 577-5735</l>
<l> consulate general: Barcelona</l>
<l> consulate: Bilbao</l>
</list>
<p>Flag: three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double
width), and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side
of the yellow band; the coat of arms
includes the royal seal framed by the Pillars of Hercules, which
are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of
the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar
</p></body></article></text>